The article reveals the variability of the genome of cattle of the local small-numbered domestic Brown Carpathian breed using cytogenetic and molecular genetic polylocus markers, and justifies the need to integrate local breeds into the modern system of agricultural production in accordance with FAO requirements. The work aimed to study the genetic uniqueness of cows of the brown Carpathian breed using cytogenetic and molecular genetic markers. The karyotype of the animals corresponded to the species norm and was 2n = 60 chromosomes. The level of somatic aneuploidy was 2.5%, and polyploidy and asynchronous divergence of centromeric regions of chromosomes were not detected. Chromosomal breaks were 0.56%. Various types of translocations 5;23 and 11;21, as well as centric fusion according to the Robertsonian type 1;29, were not found. ISSR-studies of dinucleotide ((GA)6CC, (AG)8CG, (AG)8CA, (GA)9C and (AG)9C) and trinucleotide microsatellite loci ((ACC)6G, (CTC)6C, (GAG)6C) 94 amplified DNA fragments were found, of which 31 were polymorphic, which is 32.98%. The total proportion of polymorphic loci was P = 0.218, and the average value of the polymorphism index PIC = 0.142, the average per locus genetic diversity, HS = 0.94, and the Shannon heterogeneity index, I = 0.071. The proportion of conservative loci was K = 7.9. Our findings demonstrated that the Brown Carpathian cattle show chromosomal stability, high genetic consolidation; however, a certain degree of genetic diversity is preserved and incorporated into the previous paragraph.
